Introduction: Patent ducfus arteriosus (PDA) is the persistence of a normal fetal structure between left pulmonary artery and descending aorta. Persistence of this fetal structure beyond 10 days of life is considered abnormal. In this study we compared M-Mode and Doppler echocardiography in diagnosis of PDA in children at Aliasghar Hospital in Zahedan and Children hospital in Bandar Abbas for one year. methods: We selected 62 patients that were suspicious to have PDA on physical examination. It should be mentioned that we omitted patients with other cgngenital cardiac abnormalities such as truncus arteriosus, ASD, VSD and AZSD. Our patients were below 15years old. Before echocardiography, physical examination, CXR and ECG were done for the patients. Then, they were evluated with both M-Mode and Doppler Echocardiography and finally results were statistically analyzed.Results: Out of 62 patients, 34 were female and 28 were male. 51.6% patients were less than one year old and others were older. 85% of patients had cardiac murmur on physical examination and in 50% of them pulmonary component of second heart sound was increased. Peripheral pounding pulses were present in 85% of patients. In chest X-Ray, 82.3% of patients had increased cardiothoracic ratio and pulmonary vascular markings were increased in 85.5% of them. On ECG, 58.1 % of patients had signs of right and left or bilateral ventricular hypertrophy. Pulmonary hypertension was also seen in 51.6% of patients. PDA was diagnosed with M-Mode echocardiography in 56 patients (90.3 %) and with Doppler echocardiography in 61 patients (98.4%). According to McNemar statistical analysis, there was not an obvious difference between these two. methods of echocardiography in PDA diagnosis (p=0.125).Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that M-Mode and Doppler echocardiography for diagnosis of PDA in children are similar and again attention to M-Mode echocardiography can be helpful in diagnosis of PDA in children especially restless infants and neonates.

This paper is proposed a novel topology of a single phase grid connected inverter in order to conquest the common mode leakage current. There are many topologies presented so far, But none of them has the efficiency more than 98 percent. In this paper, a modern configuration is presented that, not only delete the common mode leakage current, but also increase the efficiency and power density and is affordable. this inverter consists of 6 switches and 2 diodes that in compare with similar ones, it has less element number. Than the famous topologies like H5, H6 and HERIC, the power loss and voltage stress on switches are decreased. These aspects are appears due to exclusive leg configuration and the placement of switches and diodes. The freewheel path revealed, decoupled DC side from AC side of Inverter which results in disconnecting the common mode current. This issue will modify the network reliability indices and maintain safety standards. Finally the performances of proposed inverter will be compared and evaluated with some available Inverters.

In this paper, the strategic planning of a supply chain under a static chain-to-chain competition on the plane is addressed. It is assumed that each retailer has a coverage area called the radius of influence. The demand of each demand zone is divided equally between the retailers which can cover that market. However, the demand of distant customers who are not in the retailers’ radius of influence, will be lost. This competition is modelled for a real case application of a super-market chain. It is assumed that the chain’ s owner wants to expand retail outlets to improve its market share. Since this expansion could affect the current customers of existing retailers, the owner wants to avoid attacking the market share of its current retailers. A bi-objective fuzzy mixed integer nonlinear model is proposed. For solving the model, it is first reformulated to a mixed integer linear program and then an interactive approach is devised to handle the fuzzy bi-objective model. Four expansion strategies are analysed from which useful managerial insights are drawn.

In the last decade, the management of karst water resources has been considered because of its particular role in supplying potable water. In this regard, this research studies the hydrochemical characteristics of springs located at the Ķ ī no anticline. The purpose of this research is to determine the hydraulic relationship and effective factors on the chemical quality of the springs by applying the hydrochemical data and using the main component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis methods. The results of the analysis of the main components method show that the two components have the most impact on the chemical quality of springs. The first factor consists of magnesium, bicarbonate, sodium, chlorine, Total Dissolved Solids, and electrical conductivity, which is influenced by the quality characteristics of Absard and Mourei springs. The second factor is calcium ions, sulfate, which play the most role in the chemical quality of Susan and Tangsard springs. To investigate the hydraulic connection of the springs, the hierarchical cluster analysis method was used in “ Q-mode” mode. According to the results of this analysis, the data of the Ķ ī no anticline springs are split into two major clusters, which indicate the hydraulic connection between these springs in each cluster. The results of cluster analysis in “ R-mode” mode are also validated by the Q-mode method. The Piper diagram and ion ratios were used to study the chemical processes in the springs. The results of this study showed that the S1 spring with S2 and the S3 spring with S4 have a hydraulic connection.

Health monitoring allows small failures and damages to be identified and fixed before they turn into major and irreparable damages, to prevent loss of life and to make it possible to reinforce or improve it at the lowest cost. Currently, in the field of civil engineering, the health monitoring of structures is done in sensitive structures. One of the parts of the structure that may suffer initial damage before loading and during implementation due to difficulty in implementation is Concrete Filled Tube (CFT)columns.  One of the most likely damages in CFT columns is interface debonding damage. This damage causes the column to become weak and not benefit from the characteristics of steel and concrete together. Accordingly, in the present study, this damage and its severity in seismic (dynamic) parameters have been investigated. The results of the study show that damage causes changes in the mode shape of the structure, and it has caused a 6.38% reduction in the frequency in the first (main) mode of the structure. Also, the damping of the damaged specimen is reduced by approximately 12% compared to the healthy specimen. On the other hand, the results show that the severity of damage is very effective in changing seismic parameters. So that by doubling the damage area, the frequency decreased by approximately 0.35% and reached from 873.27 Hz to 20.870.20 Hz, but the mode shape of damage did not affect the frequency

This study investigated the use of ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) to improve the extraction efficiency of the classical solvent extraction techniques such as maceration and Soxhlet extraction to extract three coumarin compounds (osthol, isoimperatorin and oxypeucedanin) from dried roots of Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. Separation was accomplished on a reverse-phase C18 column with the mobile phase of methanol–water (70:30) and detection of the analytes was performed with UV variable detector at a wavelength of 322 nm. Under the optimum conditions, the extracted amounts of osthol, isoimperatorin and oxypeucedanin were 157.66, 172.54 and 79.27 mg g−1 dry herb, respectively. The results also indicated that compared with Soxhlet at 8 h and maceration extraction method at 3 days, ultrasound-assisted extraction increased the extraction yield of the total coumarin compounds about 17 and 31 %, respectively, at only 30 min. Therefore, USAE was preferred as the most efficient method which consumed less amount of a nontoxic solvent at a short time in comparison with conventional methods for extraction of coumarin compounds.

This article investigates the problem of simultaneous attitude and vibration control of a flexible spacecraft to perform high precision attitude maneuvers and reduce vibrations caused by the flexible panel excitations in the presence of external disturbances, system uncertainties, and actuator faults. Adaptive integral sliding mode control is used in conjunction with an attitude actuator fault iterative learning observer (based on sliding mode) to develop an active fault tolerant algorithm considering rigid-flexible body dynamic interactions. The discontinuous structure of fault-tolerant control led to discontinuous commands in the control signal, resulting in chattering. This issue was resolved by introducing an adaptive rule for the sliding surface. Furthermore, the utilization of the sign function in the iterative learning observer for estimating actuator faults has not only enhanced its robustness to external disturbances through a straightforward design, but has also led to a decrease in computing workload. The strain rate feedback control algorithm has been employed with the use of piezoelectric sensor/actuator patches to minimize residual vibrations caused by rigid-flexible body dynamic interactions and the effect of attitude actuator faults. Lyapunov's law ensures finite-time overall system stability even with fully coupled rigid-flexible nonlinear dynamics. Numerical simulations demonstrate the performance and advantages of the proposed system compared to other conventional approaches.

Low temperature cracking is the main distress in as- phalt pavements in winter. Use of modifiers or addi- tives in the asphalt mixture is a suitable and common method for improving its mechanical properties, espe- cially under high temperature service conditions. How- ever, for cold climates, where road pavement usually ex- perience subzero temperatures, the overall failure mech- anism of asphalt layers may occur mainly due to elas- tic brittle fracture and the growth of initiated cracks inside the pavements. Hot mix asphalt (HMA) con- crete is perhaps the most complicated material in flexible pavement systems since its properties depend upon tem- perature and loading conditions. Fracture toughness is the most important parameter for characterizing crack growth and the failure of cracked materials and struc- tures such as asphalt pavements. Cracked semi-circular specimens subjected to three-point bending have been recognized as appropriate test specimens for conduct- ing fracture tests in brittle materials. The manufactur- ing and pre-cracking of the specimen are simple. A non complicated loading fixture is also required for a fracture test. Hence, the main aim of this research is to study the effect of different additives, including Poly phospho- ric acid (PPA), Styrene butadiene styrene (SBS), Anti striping agent (ANTI), Crumb rubber (CR) and FT- paraffin wax (sasobit), on the low temperature mode I fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures. A series of asphalt samples with different percentages of the men- tioned additives were manufactured in the shape of semi circular specimens containing vertical edge cracks. The test samples were then loaded monotonically using a symmetric three-point bend fixture at a constant sub- zero temperature of -15oC. The value of mode I fracture toughness (KIC) was determined by recording the criti- cal fracture loads of tested specimens. It is shown that all the investigated additives can increase the low tem- perature fracture toughness of the asphalt mixture, and maximum increase in the value of KIC occurs when the sasobit and CR additives are used.